A reactionary or dictatorial person. Fascist Of or relating to the regime of the Fascisti. Hier kannst du sie vorschlagen! Bitte immer nur genau eine Deutsch-Englisch- Calling someone a fascist is the fastest way to shut them up, defining their views as beyond the political pale. But who are the real. To undermine the military might of the fascist army and the stability of the fascist regimes. Fascism was dealt a heavy blow in 1945, when Germany and its allies were routed by the anti-Hitler coalition—a defeat in which the USSR played a decisive role.
Definitions of fascism - Wikipedia. What constitutes a definition of fascism and fascist governments is a highly disputed subject that has proved complicated and contentious. Historians, political scientists, and other scholars have engaged in long and furious debates concerning the exact nature of fascism and its core tenets. A significant number of scholars agree that a . Authoritarianism is thus a defining characteristic, but most scholars will say that more distinguishing traits are needed to make an authoritarian regime fascist.
It's a word much applied by opponents to the British National Party and other radical political movements, but what is a 'fascist'?
Many scholars use the word . For this purpose, they have sought to identify what Griffin calls a .
Fascismul este o ideologie politic. A member of the Belgian pro-fascist party of the 1930s. A right-wing militarist, nationalist and authoritarian regime, such as that founded by Mussolini 1919 and inspiring, among others, the German Nazi Party. Fascist leadership might also be similar to an oligarchy, such as in Italy where the fascist party was ruled by its 'grand council' from 1922 until the end of World War II. Fascism appeared in Europe in the 1920s and developed fully in the 1930s. Friday, Mar 11, 2016 10:59 PM UTC Trump’s not Hitler, he’s Mussolini: How GOP anti-intellectualism created a modern fascist movement in America Fascism is about the most powerful epithet one can use -- but it fits with Donald Trump.
Fascists are generally strongly anti- capitalist subordinating individual rights, profit and property rights to the State. Fascism is neither the government beyond classes nor the government of the petty bourgeois or the lumpen- proletariat over the financial capital.
Fascism is the government of the financial capital itself. It is an organized massacre of the working class and the revolutionary slice of peasantry and intelligentsia. Fascism in its foreign policy is the most brutal kind of chauvinism, which cultivates zoological hatred against other peoples. Eleven of the fourteen properties are as follows. When all truth has already been revealed by Tradition, no new learning can occur, only further interpretation and refinement.
Eco distinguishes this from a rejection of superficial technological advancement, as many fascist regimes cite their industrial potency as proof of the vitality of their system. This, says Eco, is connected with anti- intellectualism and irrationalism, and often manifests in attacks on modern culture and science. This often combines an appeal to xenophobia with a fear of disloyalty and sabotage from marginalized groups living within the society (such as the German elite's 'fear' of the 1. Jewish populace's businesses and well- doings; see also anti- Semitism). Eco also cites Pat Robertson's book The New World Order as a prominent example of a plot obsession. Fascist societies rhetorically cast their enemies as .
On the other hand, fascist leaders point to the decadence of those elites as proof of their ultimate feebleness in the face of an overwhelming popular will. Both fascist Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini worked first to organize and clean up their respective countries and then build the war machines that they later intended to and did use, despite Germany being under restrictions of the Versailles treaty to NOT build a military force. This principle leads to a fundamental contradiction within fascism: the incompatibility of ultimate triumph with perpetual war. Eco sees in these attitudes the root of a deep tension in the fundamentally hierarchical structure of fascist polities, as they encourage leaders to despise their underlings, up to the ultimate Leader who holds the whole country in contempt for having allowed him to overtake it by force. In his impatience, he more frequently sends other people to death. As no mass of people can ever be truly unanimous, the Leader holds himself out as the interpreter of the popular will (though truly he dictates it). Fascists use this concept to delegitimize democratic institutions they accuse of .
Flynn wrote a polemical work, As we go marching. He characterizes fascism based on an analysis of Mussolini's Italy: Anti- capitalist, but with capitalist features; Economic demand management... Direct economic planning, reconciled with partial economic autonomy through corporatism; Militarism and imperialism; Suspension of rule of law. Emilio Gentile. The core myth that inspires this project is that only a populist, trans- class movement of purifying, cathartic national rebirth (palingenesis) can stem the tide of decadence.
As such it is an ideology deeply bound up with modernization and modernity, one which has assumed a considerable variety of external forms to adapt itself to the particular historical and national context in which it appears, and has drawn a wide range of cultural and intellectual currents, both left and right, anti- modern and pro- modern, to articulate itself as a body of ideas, slogans, and doctrine. In the inter- war period it manifested itself primarily in the form of an elite- led . The core mobilizing myth of fascism which conditions its ideology, propaganda, style of politics and actions is the vision of the nation's imminent rebirth from decadence. Hayek, in his book The Road to Serfdom, argued that socialism and national socialism had similar roots. Professor Werner Sombart in particular was hailed as a Marxist and was persecuted for his beliefs but later rejected internationalism and pacifism in favor of German militarism and nationalism. He became an intellectual force for national socialism early on. Professor Johann Plenge, another early national socialist intellectual, saw national socialism as a German adaptation of socialism.
Paul Lensch was a socialist politician in the Reichstag who argued for central control of the economy and for militarism that became features of national socialism. Western or English liberalism, which includes the ideas of freedom, community, and equality and rule by parliamentary democracy, is anathema in a true Germany, he wrote, where power should belong to the whole, everyone is given his place, and one either obeys or commands. Oswald Spengler in his early writings advocated many of the ideas shared by German socialists at this time.
Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, patron saint of national socialism, as Hayek calls him, claimed that World War I was a war between liberalism and socialism and that socialism lost. Like Plenge and Lensch, he saw national socialism as socialism adapted to the German character and undefiled by Western ideas of liberalism. A total score of 1. Shining Path actually follows a fascist ideology.
Charles Maurras? A socialism emancipated from democracy. A trade unionism free of the chains of the class struggle had imposed on Italian labour. A methodical and successful will to bring together in a same fascio all the human factors of national production .. A determination to approach, to threat, to resolve the worker question in itself .. Political doctrines pass; nations remain.
We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right', a Fascist century. If the 1. 9th century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the 'collective' century, and therefore the century of the State. The Fascist conception of the State is all- embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State. Whoever has seen in the religious politics of the Fascist regime nothing but mere opportunism has not understood that Fascism besides being a system of government is also, and above all, a system of thought.
Ernst Nolte. His definition is directly descended from the view put forth by Ernesto Laclau. Fascist nationalism is reactionary in that it entails implacable hostility to socialism and feminism, for they are seen as prioritizing class or gender rather than nation. This is why fascism is a movement of the extreme right. Fascism is also a movement of the radical right because the defeat of socialism and feminism and the creation of the mobilized nation are held to depend upon the advent to power of a new elite acting in the name of the people, headed by a charismatic leader, and embodied in a mass, militarized party. Fascists are pushed towards conservatism by common hatred of socialism and feminism, but are prepared to override conservative interests - family, property, religion, the universities, the civil service - where the interests of the nation are considered to require it. Fascist radicalism also derives from a desire to assuage discontent by accepting specific demands of the labour and women's movements, so long as these demands accord with the national priority. Fascists seek to ensure the harmonization of workers' and women's interests with those of the nation by mobilizing them within special sections of the party and/or within a corporate system.
Access to these organizations and to the benefits they confer upon members depends on the individual's national, political, and/or racial characteristics. All aspects of fascist policy are suffused with ultranationalism. Robert Paxton. Payne created a lengthy itemized list of characteristics to identify fascism. Ideology and Goals. Espousal of an idealist, vitalist, and voluntaristic philosophy, normally involving the attempt to realize a new modern, self- determined, and secular culture.
Creation of a new nationalist authoritarian state not based on traditional principles or models. Organization of a new highly regulated, multiclass, integrated national economic structure, whether called national corporatist, national socialist, or national syndicalist. Positive evaluation and use of, or willingness to use violence and war. The goal of empire, expansion, or a radical change in the nation's relationship with other powers. B. The Fascist Negations. Antiliberalism. Anticommunism.
Anticonservatism (though with the understanding that fascist groups were willing to undertake temporary alliances with other sectors, more commonly with the right)C. Style and Organization. Attempted mass mobilization with militarization of political relationships and style and with the goal of a mass single party militia. Emphasis on aesthetic structure of meetings, symbols, and political liturgy, stressing emotional and mystical aspects. Extreme stress on the masculine principle and male dominance, while espousing a strongly organic view of society.
Exaltation of youth above other phases of life, emphasizing the conflict of the generations, at least in effecting the initial political transformation.